Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, acting as the cell's powerhouses. They contain their own DNA and resemble ancient symbiotic bacteria. Their double membrane enhances energy conversion efficiency. Mitochondrial health is vital for cellular energy.

The periodic table arranges elements by atomic number and chemical properties. Elements in the same group have similar reactivity. Mendeleev's table predicted undiscovered elements. It's essential for studying element behavior.

Newton's second law states that force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma). This explains how objects move under force. It's fundamental in understanding motion dynamics. The law is crucial for physics and engineering applications.

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. Prime numbers are the building blocks of whole numbers. They play a crucial role in number theory. Understanding primes is essential in fields like cryptography.